Mechanisms, Materials Used and Outcome for Non-vital Bleach

Peroxide leakage is least in carbamide peroxide compared to other groups and may be a safer alternative to the other methods tested.

16 year long-term stability following walking bleach procedures is observed, though it may make the tooth more susceptible to fracture

Mixing sodium perborate with hydrogen peroxide appears to be unnecessary

Sodium perborate effectively lightens discolored non-vital teeth with less time clinically than other reported methods, though some rediscoloration is seen

Chemical bleaching with heat is moderately effective; most teeth will re-discolor with time. Internal bleaching may be a better option for younger patients. This technique is not used or recommended anymore.

Internal bleaching has high success, although ~50% will have some color regression.

Internal bleaching has high success, especially if stain etiology is internal and shade discolored less time and more gradually.

Walking bleach technique is fastest and produces clinically acceptable bleaching.