irrigation & apex locater

Importance of working length: •The proper point to which a root canal should be filled is the junction between the dentin and cementum and the pulp should be severed to this point where it bounds to the Periodontal membrane. (Grove 1930) •Root canal treatment procedures aim to make use of this potential barrier between contents […]

Summary: •Goal of root canal treatment is to control infection through debridement, disinfection and filling of root canal system. (Lin et al 2005) •Root canal treatment procedures should be limited within the root canal system. (Ricucci 1998) Morphology of root canal terminus: •Apex of the root canal narrows down then widens to form an hour […]

Summary:   Purpose: To compare the difference between the in vivo working length established by EAL and PA radiographs and the in vitro measurement from the file tip to the apical foramen of the extracted tooth Materials/Methods:  n: 11 patients with 26 canals in teeth indicated for extraction. The teeth were accessed and coronally enlarged by […]

Summary:  •Purpose: to determine the accuracy of electronic apex locater in teeth with PA lesion. •N= 14 patients having hopeless teeth/ 27 single rooted teeth (12 with PA lesion, 15 vital case) . • vThe Root ZX II  is an EAFL that measures the impedance of 2 frequencies simultaneously and expresses this quotient in terms […]

Summary:  •Purpose:  To compare the accuracy in detecting the minor diameter of a two-frequency (Root ZX) and a five-frequency (Endo Analyzer Model 8005) EAL under clinical conditions.  • vRoot ZX is based on the “ratio method” for measuring canal length. This method simultaneously measures impedance values at two frequencies (8 kHz and 0.4 kHz) and […]

Summary:  Purpose: to compare the debridement efficacy of the GentleWave System (GWS) with a traditional method for cleaning root canals. N= 45 extracted molars. •Materials/Methods: •(n = 15/group): •G1: no treatment •G 2: conventional rotary instrumentation and needle irrigation •G 3: minimal instrumentation and the GWS treatment. •Roots were prepared for histology and examined under […]

Summary:  Purpose:  to evaluate and compare the postoperative pain after the use of two different irrigation protocols (standard and EndoVac). N= 80 patients (110 teeth). Inclusion criteria:  single-rooted teeth with one canal, asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis caused by carious exposures or normal pulp if the patient had been referred for intentional endodontic therapy for prosthetic reasons. […]

Purpose: to compare the results of a nonactivated single-irrigation protocol (NAI) that used only 1% NaOCl with a passive ultrasonic multi-irrigation protocol (PUI) that used 1% NaOCl, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 2% chlorhexidine in rendering canals bacteria free. N= 50 teeth (49 patients) Inclusion:  patients presenting to the endodontic clinic for primary root canal treatment […]

Summary:   •Purpose: to determine the minimum concentration of NaOCl that causes color change and precipitate formation when mixed with 2.0% CHX, and to characterize the resulting precipitate  •Materials &  Methods: •a serial dilution technique was used. • X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were used to qualify and quantify the precipitate. […]

Summary:  Purpose: The goal of the present study was to evaluate effect of mixing the EDTA and NaOCl solutions. N= was not mentioned clearly Materials/Methods: •Solutions consisting of 8.5% EDTA,  0.5% NaOCl and a mixture of 17% EDTA/1% NaOCl •Amounts of available chlorine were determined in the solutions •Calcium chelation capacity was titrated with a […]